Practical Advice for Dealing with BPSD Dementia
If you or a loved one is dealing with BPSD, then you are bound to have questions about what to expect and how to manage symptoms. One of the most daunting aspects of living with dementia, the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia can have a big impact on people’s lives. That said, there are ways of recognising what is happening and how to approach changes and challenges that arise.
If you’re looking for practical advice for dealing with BPSD dementia, here is some information that may help you navigate the road ahead.
What Is BPSD and Why Does It Happen?
BPSD stands for Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. This is an umbrella term for the various symptoms of dementia, both in terms of behaviour and personal experience. Though they are often grouped together, behavioural and psychological symptoms differ, with behavioural symptoms involving actions and psychological symptoms involving internal emotions. While both intertwine, behavioural responses tend to arise as a consequence of psychological or emotional challenges.
According to a report published by Alzheimer's UK, some of the most common symptoms of dementia “include agitation, aggression, hallucinations and delusions”. Appearing rapidly or gradually, they are experienced by “more than 90 per cent of people” with the condition. As dementia progresses, behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia may become more significant, especially as those living with the condition find it harder to express or communicate needs over time.
That said, there are plenty of non-pharmacological approaches that can help to manage or prevent symptoms from developing. These steps include creating spaces and environments that cater to the individual needs, abilities, and interests of the person living with dementia.
Behavioural symptom examples
- Agitation or restlessness
- Aggression
- Wandering or pacing
- Repetitive questioning or actions
- Sleep disturbances
- Social withdrawal
- Refusing food, medication, or care
Psychological symptom examples
- Anxiety
- Depression or low mood
- Loss of motivation
- Hallucinations or delusions
- Mood swings and irritability
- Fearfulness
Understanding Triggers and Unmet Needs
BPSD can be exacerbated by environmental triggers, difficulty communicating, and unmet needs. And, while there are lots of reasons why someone’s behaviour may change, situations can be helped by recognising and proactively responding to needs. You may be able to do this together, or you may need professional support. However, start by considering why behaviours may be happening, and what could be causing reactions. Internal challenges may include tiredness, pain, frustration, boredom, discomfort, confusion, or depression. Meanwhile, triggers may be a new environment, an overwhelming or scary situation, or even something that triggers an uncomfortable memory.
Practical Strategies for Managing BPSD Day-to-Day
Managing dementia behaviours is a personal journey that involves a deep understanding of both the person living with dementia and the condition itself. To help, dementia communication strategies and practical support can be implemented to make day-to-day living easier. Keep communicating with each other, or if that becomes challenging, pay attention to behaviours and patterns. A diary or ABC chart can also help to track potential triggers. Consider whether certain behaviours coincide with specific times of the day; whether new changes have been made to routines or the environment; and whether individual needs are being met. Above all, it’s important to create a safe, familiar, and accessible environment with minimal stressors.
Creating a Supportive, Dementia-Friendly Environment
There are lots of proactive ways to create a supportive, dementia-friendly environment, both at home and in accredited care homes. Routines are a wonderful way to maintain a sense of normality and familiarity, with social interaction, bespoke activities, and regular exercise key ways to reduce BPSD. Carefully designed spaces ensure soothing moments can be enjoyed throughout the day, while treasured keepsake boxes add a personal touch and meaningful connection to the past. You can also introduce aids for sensory impairments if required, including hearing aids, glasses, diet improvements, and so on. Labelling and signage can help make day-to-day tasks and orientation easier, while ongoing therapeutic support can offer a safe outlet and improve quality of life.
When to Seek Professional Help
There may come a time when seeking professional help is an important part of dementia behaviour management and support. When situations feel unsafe, when stress levels rise, and at-home support is no longer meeting needs, then professional help is an invaluable next step to support both those living with dementia and their loved ones. This is particularly important if symptoms rapidly change or escalate, or if the person living with dementia is experiencing distress, anxiety, agitation, hallucinations, or delusions. Sudden changes in behaviour may also indicate additional health problems or discomfort. When in doubt, ask your local GP for an assessment to rule out or treat any underlying issues, and get in touch with an established, accredited support service or care home that can provide ongoing help.
How Wisteria House Supports Individuals With BPSD
At Wisteria House, our accredited care homes in Plymouth provide a safe, welcoming sanctuary for those living with dementia and BPSD. Run by a team of friendly, professional, and experienced staff, we foster a person-centred, compassionate environment in which individual care and support is at the forefront. Focusing on a calm and homely environment, tailored nutrition and support, manageable routines, and enriching activities, we ensure everyone staying with us has access to the very best support and round-the-clock care.
Compassionate Dementia Care When You Need It Most
If you are looking for dementia carer advice, care tips, or are looking for the next steps in a dementia journey, then we can help you. With three CQC outstanding-rated care homes in Plymstock, Stoke, and Woolwell, we promise the very best care and an environment in which our residents can flourish, receive the highest quality support, and feel at home.
If you would like to find out more, please don’t hesitate to contact us and we’ll be happy to answer any questions you may have.